《英语学科知识》：英语必知18条重点语法（十二）

【高频考点12】 虚拟语气 ★★★

（一）if引导的非真实条件句

注意：

1.条件句与主句的时间不一致。例：

If you had studied hard then, you would be a key university student now.

2.其他虚拟句的标志词：without, but for, otherwise等，这类词引起的虚拟句相当于if 虚拟句。例：

Without Lucy, we would have lost that chance.

3.虚拟条件句的省略与倒装

当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句。例：

Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.

（二）宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1. 在一些表示建议、愿望、要求、请求、劝告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、决定等的动词的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气。这类动词有：ask, require, request, demand, pray, insist, desire, maintain, propose, suggest, move(提议), urge, advise, recommend, command, order, arrange, decide等。虚拟形式：（should）+动词原形。例：

She demanded (that) the paper (should) be written.

I suggest (that) he (should) get there as soon as possible.

注意：

(1)这些词的其他词性形式后面跟从句时，从句谓语用同样的虚拟语气形式。例：

He made the request that the problem (should) be settled at once.

(2)这类动词若表“建议、命令、要求、坚持要”之外的意思时一般不用虚拟语气。例：

The smile on her face suggests that she agrees with me.（suggest表示“暗示、表明”）。

The boy insisted that he hadn’t broken the window.（insist表示“坚持说、坚决认为”）

2. wish后的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法：

例句：

I wish I were ten years younger.

I wish I could fly to the moon some day.

I wish you had come to the lecture.