重庆教师招聘《英语学科知识》：英语语法高频考点——宾语从句

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一、宾语从句

（一）含义

在句子中作宾语的从句称为宾语从句。

（二）引导词

1. 从属连词：that, if, whether。 

He said that he could finish his work before supper.

I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.

2. 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 等。 

Could you tell me what I should do with the money.

Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

3. 连接副词：when, why, where, how 等。

I don’t know when he will come back. 

He asked his father how it happened.

（三）分类

宾语从句可以分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

1. 动词的宾语从句

The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

Personally, I think the team that won first place cheated.

2. 介词的宾语从句

I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

3. 形容词的宾语从句

We are all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty.

（三）语序

宾语从句必须是陈述语序，即“主语+谓语”的顺序，尤其是要注意 whether, if 和wh- 连接词引导的宾语从句的语序。

He asked me what I did yesterday afternoon.

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

（四）时态

1. 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

I hope you will find these ideas useful.

2. 主句是过去时态，从句必须使用过去时态的某种形式。

She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

She gave me a determined look－the kind that said she would not change her mind.

3. 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用

一般现在时态。

The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.

（五）否定转移

主语是第一人称且谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，其否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定，表示说话者委婉的看法或主张。“形式否定主句，意义否定从句”常出现否定转移的动词有 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等。

I don’t suppose that it is true.

We don’t think that he is a law-abiding citizen.

【试题再现】

（2020重庆）1. We consider ________ the instrument should be adjusted each time it is used.

A. that it necessary

B. necessary that

C. it necessary that

D. necessary of it that

【金标尺答案】C

【金标尺解析】本题考查名词性从句——宾语从句。

句意：我们认为每次使用这个仪器时进行调试是非常必要的。此题为宾语从句后跟有补语，则常用 it 作为形式宾语，而将从句放到补语之后。故C项符合题意。

A、B、D项为干扰选项，故排除。

故本题答案为C。

（2020江西）2. You will see to ________ the engine does not get out of order.

A. that

B. however

C. it that

D. which

【金标尺答案】C

【金标尺解析】本题考查名词性从句——宾语从句。

句意：你要确保发动机不会出故障。see to it 为一习惯用法，意为“务必使”，“保证使”。 that 宾语从句也可用在某些带有先行词 it 做宾语的固定搭配之后。故C项符合题意。

A、B、D项为干扰选项，故排除。

故本题答案为C。