《英语学科知识》：英语必知18条重点语法（十六）

【高频考点16】 独立主格 ★★★

（一）结构

1. 名词（代词）+ 现在分词

The clock striking twelve, I went to bed. 

She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.

2. 名词（代词）+ 过去分词　　

He lay there on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast. 

Enough time given, he will surely do the job better. 

3. 名词（代词）+ 不定式　

Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. 

He proposed a picnic, he himself to pay for the railway tickets and John to provide the food. 

4. 名词（代词）+ 形容词短语　

Her face pale with anger, she rose to go away. 

I saw a deep pond, the water blue like the sky. 

5. 名词（代词）+ 介词短语　

The English teacher walked into the classroom, papers in hand.

Child in arms, a few women stood there chatting.

6. 名词（代词）+ 副词短语

Summer over, the students returned to school. 

7. 名词（代词）+ 名词短语　

His first shot a failure, Tim fired again. 

（二）with复合结构

with复合结构也是独立主格结构的一种，在句中表示“原因，结果，伴随，方式”等情况。

1. with + 宾语 + 形容词

The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. 

2. with + 宾语 + 介词短语　　

The old woman used to take a walk with a stick in her hand. 

3. with + 宾语 + 副词　

The proud girl walked away with her head up. 

4. with + 宾语 + 现在分词

Helen felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her. 

5. with + 宾语 + 过去分词　

If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person. 

6. with + 宾语 + 不定式　　

The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.