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《英语学科知识》:英语必知18条重点语法(七)

2023-01-30  |  来源: 重庆金标尺教育

【高频考点8】 情态动词 ★★

 

情态动词

词义

否定式

缩略否定式

can/could

能,能够;可能

can/could not

can’t/couldn’t

may/might

可以;也许

may/might not

mayn’t/mightn’t

must

必须;一定

must not

mustn’t

should

应该

should not

shouldn’t

ought to

应当

ought not to

oughtn’t to

shall

应该;必定

shall not

shan’t

will/would

愿意

will/would not

won’t/wouldn’t

need

需要

need not

needn’t

dare

dare not

daren’t

have to

不得不

do/does/did not have to

don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to

used to

过去常常

used not to/did not use to

didn’t use to

had better

最好

had better not

would rather

宁愿

would rather not

(一)高频考点:

1.Can

(1)cannot help but意为“不得不”,后接动词原形。例:

Due to the present price level, we cannot help but adjust our offer.

(2)cannot help意为“不禁,禁不住”,后跟名词或动词-ing形式。例:

I cannot help missing that girl.

(3)cannot...too...表示“无论怎样……都不过分”,“越……越好”(有时cannot可用can never代替)。例:

You cannot be too careful to cross the road.

You can never do the work too well.

2.Must/have to

(1)二者均表示“必须”,但must多表示主观意志,have to 多表示客观需要。例:

——I must keep my word.

——It rained heavily, so the children had to stay at home.

(2)have to 的否定式和疑问式需要助动词构成,not have to 相当于needn’t,意为“不必”。例:

You don’t have to/needn’t tell him the truth If you don’t want to.

(3)表示“必须”意义的must的一般疑问句回答。例:

——Must I hand in my composition today?

——No, you needn’t/don’t have to. / Yes, you must.

3.Should/Ought to

(1)should与ought to之间差别细微,should多表达自己的主观看法;ought to则多反映客观事实,在谈到法律、义务和规定(或要使自己的意见听起来像义务和法律一样有力)时常用ought to。

You should/ought to go and see your grandfather.

We ought to go and plant trees, but I don’t think we have time.

4.Used to

(1)used to do sth./be used to (doing) sth./be used to do sth.区别

used to do sth.表示过去的习惯,意为“过去常常做某事”,只能用于表示过去。例:

I used to go to the gym three times a week, but I don’t work out any more.

(2)be used to (doing) sth.表示“习惯于(做)某事”,有时态变化。例:

I’m used to getting up early.

I’m not used to eating so much at lunchtime.

(3)be used to do sth.是use sth. to do sth.的被动形式,意为“被用来做某事”,有时态变化。例:

This machine is used to cut up waste paper.

5.Had better

(1)had better...有命令口气,因而下级对上级或晚辈对长辈不宜用这种结构。比较有礼貌的说法是:It might be better for you...; It  would be better for you...。例:

It might be better for you to help me, Grandpa.

(2)had better的否定式是在其后加not。例:

You’d better not do that again.

(3)had better的疑问句通常不以普通疑问句的形式出现,但有时用于否定疑问句,常用“Hadn’t+主语+better...?”结构,作为一种劝告形式,比肯定形式的语气更婉转一些。例:

Hadn’t you better take an umbrella?

Hadn’t you better ask him first?

 

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