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《英语学科知识》:英语必知18条重点语法(六)

2023-01-16  |  来源: 重庆金标尺教育

【高频考点7】 非谓语动词 ★★★

 

(一)不定式和动名词作宾语

1.常用不定式作宾语的动词有:

afford, agree, arrange, ask, begin, choose, decide, determine, demand, expect, fail, hope, long, learn, manage, prepare, plan, pretend, promise, offer, refuse, want, wish等。

2.常见动名词(短语)作宾语的动词(短语)有:

admit, avoid, cannot help, enjoy, can’t stand, consider, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep, keep om, mind, put off, permit, practise, risk, suggest等。

3.有些动词既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,但意义截然不同。此类动词(短语)有:remember, forget, go on, regret, try, mean等。例:

Please remember to give my best regards to your family.

请记着代我问候你家人。

I still remember being sent to school for the first time.

我仍记得第一次被送到学校上学的情景。

Shall we go on to discuss the question of insurance?

我们接下来讨论保险的问题好吗?

After a short rest, he went on writing the letter.

休息了一会以后他接着写那封信。

此类可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词常见的结构有:

remember doing sth.

记得做过某事

remember to do sth.

记着去做某事

forget doing sth.     

忘记做过某事

forget to do sth.      

忘记去做某事

try doing sth.        

试着做某事

try to do sth.        

设法做某事

mean doing sth.     

意味着做某事

mean to do sth.      

打算做某事

go on doing sth.     

继续干未干完的事

go on to do sth.     

继续干另一件事

regret doing sth.    

对做过的事后悔

regret to do sth.     

对将要做的事感到遗憾

 

 

(二)分词和不定式做宾补

1.现在分词与不定式作补语的比较

现在分词做宾补强调动作的延续性,表示动作正在进行,更具描绘性;而不定式作宾补一般表示动作的全过程,表明动作已经结束。例:

I found a stranger walking nearby all day.

我发现一个陌生人一天都在附近走动。

I don’t often see him (to) walk to work.

我不常见到他步行去上班。

2.现在分词与过去分词作补语的比较

现在分词作宾补表示宾语与分词动作之间是逻辑上的主动关系,且动作正在进行;过去分词作宾补一般表示宾语与分词动作之间是逻辑上的被动关系,且动作已完成。例:

We heard the singer singing.

我们听到这位歌手正在唱歌。

We heard the song sung by the singer.

我们听过这位歌手唱这首歌。

 

(三)现在分词与过去分词作状语

1.表示被动意义时,作伴随状语或方式状语通常使用过去分词短语形式,习惯上不用being done形式。例:

Some young parents were walking in the park, followed by their children.

一些年轻的父母在公园里散步,后面跟着他们的孩子。

Led by the guide, we climbed the top of the mountain.

在向导的引领下,我们爬上了山顶。

2.作时间状语时,过去分词如果同时表示被动意义和动作的完成,可以与现在分词的完成被动式互换,过去分词如果只表示被动,不表示完成,则不可以互换。例:

Read/Having been read many times, the cloze test seems much easier.

读过许多遍之后,这篇完形填空似乎变得更容易些了。

Seen from the top of the tower, the new city looks more beautiful.

从塔顶上看,这座新城显得更加美丽。

3.使用现在分词和过去分词作句子状语时,必须遵守一条原则,即分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。例:

Looking around, there was no one nearby. (✗)

(Looking around的逻辑主语不是no one)

Looking around, I found there was no one nearby. (✓)

我环视四周,结果发现附近没有人。

Once learning, it will never be forgotten. (✗)

(it与learn之间是逻辑上的被动关系,既然it为主语,则learn不应用现在分词)

Once learned, it will never be forgotten. (✓)

一旦学会,就永远忘不了。

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