【导读】英语语法高频考点——非谓语!更多教师招考信息,备考干货,辅导课程,时政资料,欢迎关注重庆教师招聘考试网。
英语语法高频考点——非谓语
一、动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的构成:
不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
2. 动词不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为:It +be + adj. +(for/of sb. )+动词不定式。 如:
To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦!
(2)作宾语
①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,
expect等。
如:Would you like to see a film this evening?
②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。
如:I find it easy to read English every day.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
why not do...,why don’t you do...,had better(not) do...,would rather do,could/would/will you please(not) do...
如: I would rather stay in the room.
(3)作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:tell,ask,want,allow,getwould like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补语。
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.
注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,
make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice),但变被动语态时,必须加上to。
如:My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.
(4)作定语
①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
He is the first one to come to the classroom.
②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about.I want some paper to write on.
(5)不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。如:The teacher is telling the students what to do.He didn’t know where to go.(where to go=where he should go)
【全真模拟】
1. We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith.
A. help
B. to help
C. helping
D. helped
【金标尺答案】B
【金标尺解析】本题本题考查英语语法——动词不定式。
句意:我们组建了这个组织来帮助向Ben Smith一样的残疾人。本句中建立组织的目的是帮助残疾人。因此,句中的空格部分要用表示目的的非谓语,不定式可用于表目的,因而只有B合适,其余选项符合题意,故排除。故本题答案为B。
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